Chinese consensus on surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures (2021) / 中华创伤杂志

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

Multidisciplinary management of acute type A aortic dissection in late pregnancy / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the multidisciplinary management of patients with acute type A aortic dissection in late pregnancy. Methods    The clinical data of 3 patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed. Their age ranged from 27 to 32 years, while gestational age was 34-37 weeks. Sudden chest pain was the main clinical symptom before operation. All 3 patients underwent Bentall surgery after cesarean section under general anesthesia, of whom 2 patients received total arch replacement (TAR) combined with frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation and 1 received coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) additionally. Results    No patient died during the perioperative period, and all the newborns were delivered successfully and survived healthily. The ICU stay was 3-5 d. The postoperative hospital stay was 15-18 d. The follow-up was 250-751 d. There was no recurrence or death. One patient who developed spontaneous pneumothorax and hydropneumothorax was cured in our center. Conclusion    The multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment strategy plays a crucial role in saving the life of pregnant patients with acute type A aortic dissection.

Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA-145 in the Pathogenesis of Acute Aortic Dissection

PURPOSE: Previous studies have confirmed that microRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute aortic dissection (AAD). Here, we aimed to explore the role of miR-145 and its regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of AAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AAD tissue samples were harvested from patients with aortic dissection and normal donors. Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with miR-145 mimic/inhibitor or negative control mimic/inhibitor. Gene and protein expression was measured in human aortic dissection tissue specimens and VSMCs by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify whether connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was a direct target of miR-145 in VSMCs. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect VSMC viability. RESULTS: miR-145 expression was downregulated in aortic dissection tissues and was associated with the survival of patients with AAD. Overexpression of miR-145 promoted VSMC proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, CTGF, which was increased in aortic dissection tissues, was decreased by miR-145 mimic and increased by miR-145 inhibitor. Furthermore, CTGF was confirmed as a target of miR-145 and could reverse the promotion effect of miR-145 on the progression of AAD. CONCLUSION: miR-145 suppressed the progression of AAD by targeting CTGF, suggesting that a miR-145/CTGF axis may provide a potential therapeutic target for AAD.

Clinical analysis on tumorectomy under extracorporeal circulation for 352 patients with primary cardiac tumors / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To summarise the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment experience of primary cardiac tumours treated by tumorectomy under extracorporeal circulation .Methods The clinical data of 352 patients with primary cardiac tumors in our hospital from January 1980 to December 2015,who received surgical treatment of tumorectomy under extracorporeal circulation were retrospectively ana -lyzed.Results Among the 352 cases in all, there were 338 cases (96%) of benign tumor, including 309 cases (87.8%) of myxoma and 14 cases (4.0%) of malignant tumor.There were 4 cases of perioperative death, and all the 4 cases were malignant tumor.Conclusion Myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor ,and the best solution for the cardiac benign tumor is surgery .However , the effect of sur-gical operation on malignant cardiac tumors was poor .

Lithium chloride maintains the gap junction of hypoxic myocardium by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect of lithium chloride on the gap junction in the myocardium under chronic hypoxia.Methods Twenty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normoxia group,hypoxia group,normoxic control group,hypoxia + saline group and hypoxia + lithium chloride group.Hypoxia group was treated with 10％ oxygen concentration for 4 weeks.Hypoxia + saline group and hypoxia + lithium chloride group were intraperitoneal injection of saline and lithium chloride.Electrophysiology and cardiac catheterization were used to assess arrhythmias,heart rate and ejection fraction.The expression of Cx43,phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β(p-GSK-3β) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normoxia group,the hypoxia group had a faster heart rate [(448 ± 18) bpm vs.(401 ± 13) bpm,P＜0.05),and the ejection fraction was decreased [(56±5)％ vs.73±4)％,P＜0.05],arrhythmia score increased [(3.4±0.5)％ vs.(0.6±0.5)％,P＜0.05],Cx43 expression was decreased.Compared to hypoxia + normal saline group,the heart rate decreased[(412±11)bpm vs.(454±18)bpm,P＜0.05],ejection fraction increased[(69±3)％ vs.(55±4)％,P＜0.05],the score of arrhythmia decreased [(1.8±0.4) ％ vs.(3.0±0.7)％,P＜0.05] in hypoxia + lithium chloride group,the expression of Cx43 and the rate of p-GSK-3β to GSK-3β were increased.Conclusion During the chronic hypoxia,lithium chloride can sustain the gap junction through inhibition of GSK-3β signaling way,which can also reduce the rate of arrhythmia.

Expression and meaning of T-bet and GATA3 mRNA in T lymphocyte of patients during the operation with cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets and the expression of specific transcription regulator T-bet/GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3). Methods A prospective double-blind study was conducted. Patients with CPB pulmonary repair of ventricular septal defect (observation group) or off-pump ligation of ductus arteriosus (control group) with 20 cases each in the 150th Military Hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were enrolled. The blood sampled was collected on the time of before operation, at the end of CPB or operation, 4 hours after operation, and 24 hours after operation. T lymphocytes were isolated, the helper T cell 1 (Th1) specific transcription factor T-bet mRNA, helper T cell 2 (Th2) specific transcription factor GATA3 mRNA expression and cytokine γ-interferon (IFN-γ) mRNA, interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA expression were measured by Northern Blot. Results Compared with before operation, expression levels of T-bet mRNA [integral gray values: (1.39±0.52)×105vs. (2.92±0.88)×105], IFN-γ mRNA [integral gray values: (3.68±0.65)×105vs. (6.10±0.93)×105] were decreased transiently at the end of CPB in the observation group (both P < 0.05), returned to preoperative levels at 24 hours after operation [integral gray values: (2.77±0.74)×105, (6.22±1.25)×105, respectively, both P > 0.05]; expression levels of GATA3 mRNA [integral gray values:(4.96±0.88)×105vs. (3.21±0.68)×105], IL-4 mRNA [integral gray values: (3.52±1.13)×105vs. (1.85±0.63)×105] were increased (both P < 0.05), recovered to the preoperative levels at 24 hours after operation [integral gray values: (3.11±0.51)×105, (1.93±0.84)×105, respectively, both P > 0.05]. There were no significant differences in the expressions of T-bet, GATA3, IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA in the control group at each time points (all P >0.05). Conclusions CPB causes the imbalance of Th1, Tc1/Th2, Tc2 and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions specially, which participate the complication occurrence after CPB. The changing of T-bet/GATA3 may be the internal mechanism for these changes.

The effects of pretreatment with alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on intestinal barrier function in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To explore the protective effects of pretreatment with alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on intestinal barrier function in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods CPB model in rats was established.60 SD rats were randomly divided into group G(pretreatment with alanyl-glutamine before CPB for 3 days and primed with it during CPB,n =20),group CPB(n =20) and sham-operation(SH) group(n =20).The diamine oxidase(DAO) activity of plasma and tissue homogenate of intestinal mucosa were measured by spectrophotometry,and the concentration of plasma D-lactate was also detected by spectrophotometry.The levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was measured by tachypleus amebocyte lysate development process.And software SPSS 16.0 was used for statistics analysis.Results The plasma DAO activity in group G was significantly lower than that in group CPB(P ＜0.05),even though compared with group SH,the DAO activity in group G and CPB were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The activity of DAO in tissue homogenate in group G and CPB were decreased more significantly than that in group SH(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no difference between group G and CPB (P =0.065).The plasma concentrations of D-lactate and LPS in group G were significantly lower than that in group CPB (P ＜ 0.05),and the plasma concentration of D-lactate and LPS in both group G and CPB were markedly enhanced compared with group SH(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Precondition with alanyl-gluamine dipeptide can decrease the permeability of gut mucosa,and might be a new way to protect the intestinal barrier function during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Chronic hypoxia in altering metabolism of intestinal flora of infants / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the metabolism change of intestinal flora due to chronic hypoxia in infants. Methods Ten infants with tetralogy of fallot were considered as the chronic hypoxia group,10 healthy infants were regarded as the control group. The urine concen-tration of hippurate in the morning with fasting was detected by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance. Results The concentration of hippurate was decreased in hypoxia group compared with the control group,(47. 15 ± 32. 88) mg/L vs (346. 698 ± 13. 555) mg/L,with significant differ-ence,P=0. 002. Conclusion Chronic hypoxia alters metabolism of intestinal flora in infants.

Improved treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (supracardiac anastomosis) / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To summarize the effect of venous anastomisis from left atrium-common venous anastomisis ( supracardiac anasto-mosis) at the top of left atrium,and to find the best method to treat total anomalous pulmonary venous connection ( TAPVC) . Methods 52 cases,of which 35 male and 17 female with the age of 1 month to 41 years old and the weight of 3. 1~77 kg,hospitalized in West China hos-pital from January 2000 to April 2008,were treated by supracardiac anastomosis. Results One was dead and the other 51 cases were fully recovered and left hospital. After the operation,no anastomotic stenosis or arrhythmia was observed except the dead one. During follow-up peri-od which lasted from 3 months to 12 years,the heart function of 45 cases were normal. Conclusion supracardiac anastomosis can reduce the risk of anastomotic stenosis and arrhythmia,it is a promising method to treat supracardiac type TAPVC .

On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting:a report of 350 cases / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG) in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Methods CABG were performed on 395 consecutive cases from January 2002 to December 2012,including 299 male and 96 female with a mean age of 62. 3 years old. All the operation were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB ) with moderate hypothermi-a. Left ventricular aneurysm plasty operation were performed in 18 patients. Results The mean number of grafts was 3. 2,the mean CPB time was 88 min( 62~170 min) ,aortic cross-clamping time was 68 min( 25~102 min) ,mean ventilation time was 18 h( 12~72 h) . There were 8 deaths with a mortality of 2. 0%. Six patients died of multiple organ failure,1 patients died of ventricular fibrillation after operation,1 patients died of acute myocardial infarction. Postoperative follow up was carried out on 280 cases,follow-up time was from 8 months to 11 years. Five of them died of unknow causes. The heart function of the rest was significantly improved. 195 patients were free of angina. 85 pa-tients’ s symptom got better. Conclusion CABG performed under cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) with moderate hypothermia is safe and effective for the treatment of coronary artery disease.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with ultrafiltration technique for treatment of kidney injury after severe hemorrhagic shock in rabbits / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with ultrafiltration in treatment of kidney injury induced by serious hemorrhagic shock in rabbits.Methods Models of pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock was developed in 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were divided into unresuscitation group (n =8),ECMO combined with ultrafiltration group (combined resuscitation group,n =8),and fluid resuscitation group (n =8) according to the random number table.Heart rate was monitored via electrocardiograph and arterial pressure via fermoral artery catheter.Blood samples were collected pre-and post-shock and after resuscitation to measure levels of lactic acid,serum creatinine,IL-6,and TNF-α.Kidney samples were collected for measurement of histopathological changes via HE staining,expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) via immunohistochemical staining.Results Arterial pressure was (53.1 ± 11.4) mmHg in combined resuscitation group,higher than (41.3 ± 11.1) mmHg in fluid resuscitation group and (25.9 ± 10.5) mmHg in unresuscitation group (F =41.425,P ＜ 0.05).Hemorrhagic shock induced significant up-regulation of lactic acid,serum creatinine,IL-6,and TNF-α(P ＜ 0.05),but all were lowered after resuscitation,especially in combined resuscitation group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining showed the degree of kidney tissue necrosis and inflammatory cytokine infiltration in combined resuscitation group alleviated notably compared with fluid resuscitation group.Median and interquartile values of HSP70 were 17 828.960 0 (15 779.865 0-21 751.980 0) in unresuscitation group,2 714.270 0 (1 339.215 0-7 616.950 0) in fluid resuscitation group,and 262.930 0 (198.820 0-538.195 0) in combine resuscitation group,with statistical differences among groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ECMO combined with ultrafiltration is superior to conventional fluid resuscitation in improving hypoxia tissue injury and inflammatory reaction after hemorrhagic shock and is beneficial to attenuating kidney injury.

Prcatice and Exploration of Clinical Teaching for Advanced Students of Cardiovascular Surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By analyzing the status of Cardiovascular Surgery advanced students,we discussed the characteristics and problems of clinical teaching for advanced students of Cardiovascular Surgery.Strategies of clinical teaching for advanced students of cardiovascular surgery are explored to improve the quality of clinical teaching.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in the regulation of inflammatory reaction in rats with myocardial hypertrophy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ) can restrain the inflammatory reaction of hypertrophic myocardium through restraining the expression of interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase, endothelin-1, nitricoxide synthase, matrix metalIoproteinase-9, gelatinase and adhesion molecule, etc.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of rosiglitazone sodium(the ligand for PPAR-γ) on inflammatory factors in rats with myocardial hypertrophy in the course of myocardial hypertrophy resulting from pressure load.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial based on animals.SETTING: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Fifty purebred male SD rats of S.P.F. Grade, whose body mass was (220±22) g.METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Institute of Battle Surgical Research, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from August 2004 to October 2005. Fifty rats were randomly divided into 5groups: control group, sham operation-normal saline group, sham operationrosiglitazone group, myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline group and myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone group, 10 rats per group. The rat model of myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload was established with the method of coarctation of abdominal aorta. Rosiglitazone group: At the postoperative 4th week, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with the Normal saline group: At the postoperative 4th week, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline[1 mL/(kg.d)] for 1 week. At the postoperative 5th week, the indexes of myocardial hypertrophy and hemodynamics were determined. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet activating factor and myeloperoxidase in the left ventricle muscle were determined with radioimmunosorbent technique. The expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was detected with RT-polymerase chain reaction. The activity of nuclear factor-κB was detected with EMSA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The indexes of hemodynamics, cardiac ventricle reconstitution and cardiac muscle in the rat models.RESULTS: Except 1 rat in the control group died of the external injury induced by biting after 3 weeks, 49 of 50 rats entered the result analysis.①After the coarctation of aorta, the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet activating factor and myeloperoxidase of hypertrophic myocardium in the myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone group were lower significantly than those in the myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline group(P ＜ 0.01-0.05), but they were still higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).②The expressions of PPAR-γ mRNA of myocardial tissue in both the myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone and myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline groups were higher obviously than those in the control group(P＜0.01), and those in the myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone group were higher than those in the myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline group(P＜0.01).③The activity of nuclear factor-κB combined with DNA in cardiac muscle cell in both the myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline and myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone groups were higher obviously than those in the control group (P＜0.01), and those in the myocardial hypertrophy-rosiglitazone group were lower obviously than those in the myocardial hypertrophy-normal saline group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: The increasing of pressure load induces myocardial hy pertrophy. The activation of nuclear factor-κB in the tissue of hypertrophic myocardium is strengthened obviously. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, platelet activating factor and myeloperoxidase in hypertrophic myocardium increase. This inflammatory reaction, which is strengthened obviously, can be restrained by rosiglitazone sodium that is the synthetical lig and for PPAR-γ.

Design and realization of the elerctrocardiomonitor system with whole course / 医疗卫生装备

This paper introduces the structure,technological process and design of the elrctrocardiomonitor system with whole course.It accomplishes the real-time collection,analysis,storage,inquiry and quotation of whole course ECG information.

Early platelet aggregation after mitral valve replacement:report of 90 cases / 第三军医大学学报

0.05).Platelet aggregation was decreased on the 2nd postoperative day and significantly increased on the 4th postoperative day (P

Role of bcl-2 and bax expressions in pulmonary vascular remodeling of PAH rats secondary to left-right shunt CHD / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the roles of the expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and Bcl-assosiated X (bax) in the pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to left-right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods A total of 80 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups,shunt groups (SⅠ,SⅡ,SⅢ and SⅣ) and control groups (CⅠ,CⅡ,CⅢ and CⅣ).PAH rat model was established in the shunt groups by left-to-right shutting,and the control groups received sham operation.The rats from Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were sacrificed in 4,8,12 and 16 weeks after operation.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was recorded.Pathologic observations were made to assess pulmonary vascular remodeling.Their lung tissues were detected by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) technique and Western blotting for bcl-2 and bax.And apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were also detected by TUNEL.Results After 12 weeks or 16 weeks shunt,following indexes of the shunt groups were significantly higher than the control groups (P

Upregulated autophagy in myocardium of infants with cyanotic congenital heart defects / 第三军医大学学报

Objective In the heart,autophagy is important for the turnover of organelles at low basal levels under normal conditions,but is upregulated in response to stresses such as ischemia/reperfusion and in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. It can prevent the heart from injury under stress conditions. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that autophagy would be upregulated in the myocardium of children with cyanotic congenital cardiac defects. Methods Eighteen children with cyanotic (n=10) or acyanotic cardiac defects (n=8) who were admitted in our hospital from October 2008 to April 2009 and received surgical treatment were investigated. Samples from the right ventricular myocardium taken immediately after aortic clamping were morphologically studied with transmission electron microscopy for the ultrastructure. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) was detected by Western blot analysis in the obtained samples. Results Children with cyanotic cardiac defects had higher oxyhemoglobin saturation before operation than those with acyanotic cardiac defects. Electron microscopy showed that the former group had more mitochondria,disordered arrangement,swollen endoplasmic reticulum and typical autophagosomes in the myocardial cytosol. LC3-II were significantly elevated in patients with cyanotic compared with those with acyanotic congenital cardiac defects (P

Emergency surgical treatment on critical infants with congenital heart diseases / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of emergency surgery to consecutive 258 infants suffering with critical congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods From January 2006 and February 2009,emergency surgery was performed within 24 h after definite diagnosis on 258 children with critical congenital heart diseases,including 150 males (58.1%) and 108 females (41.9%),with a mean age of (7.5?4.3) months (ranging from 6 d to 11 months),at a mean weight of (5.5?3.3) kg (ranging from 2.1 to 9.5 kg). Complications such as refractory pneumonia,heart failure,repeated episodes of hypoxic spells,kidney dysfunction,liver dysfunction,severe anaemia or growth retardation were found in 233 infants (90.2%). Totally 246 (95.3%) of them were operated on CPB with heart arrested,and 12 (4.7%) with patent ductus arteriosus and operated off pump. Results This group of patients had a stage-one corrective rate of 92.3%,and a total curative rate of 96.9%. In infants operated with heart arrested and with heart beating,the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 105.00?38.71 min and (71.89?27.78) min respectively,postoperative ventilation duration was (16.5?9.3) h,intensive care unit (ICU) staying duration was (98.5?33.6) h. After operation,low cardiac output syndrome occourred with a rate of 6.9% and severe complications of major organs with a rate of 12.9%. Of 8 (3.1%) dead infants,7 were diagnosed with complicated CHD. Five died of low cardiac output syndrome,1 of arrhythmia,1 of respiratory failure and 1 of arrhythmic heart. Conclusion Emergency surgical treatment should be performed as soon as definite diagnosis for critical infants with congenital heart disease. Heart failure,respiratory failure,liver dysfunction,severe anaemia and infection are not contraindications to surgical treatment. However,complex anomalies and younger age are considered to be the most risk factors for surgery of infants with CHD.

Expressions and roles of CTGF and MT1-MMP in extracellular matrix remodeling of left ventricle in patients with aorta valve stenosis / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To approach the expressions and the roles of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinases (MT1-MMP) in valve disease with pressure overload which induces extracellular matrix remodeling of left ventricle. MethodsOf 32 patients, 16 cases were pressure overload group (PO), who had the multiple valve disease with predominately aortic valve stenosis, having a ring diameter of aorta valve less than 1.3 cm, cross valve pressure gradient equal or more than 40 mmHg, and valvular regurgitation less than 4.0 cm2; The other 16 cases, as mitral stenosis group (MS), were simple mitral stenosis patients with single valve replacement. Meanwhile, 5 normal individuals served as control, who died from accident. Echocardiography was used to analyze the left ventricular function and detect the hypertrophic level of the left ventricle. Left ventricle muscle samples were obtained during operation. Histological features were studied by Masson staining, and collagenous contents were quantitated with a computer-assisted imaging analysis system. The mRNA expressions of CTGF and MT1-MMP were detected with RT-PCR. ResultsConcentric hypertrophy was observed significant in PO group, but myocardial hypertrophy was not found in MS group. Compare to the MS group and control, PO group had significantly more collagenous contents in left ventricle, thickened vessel wall, and narrow lumen of blood vessel (P0.05), but CTGF mRNA expression was increased in MS group compare to control (P

Preconditioning with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener,diazoxide,protects the myocardial mitochondial functions after ischemic injury in rats / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener on the mitochondrial functions.Methods Thirty SD rats were used.Isoproterenol was used to induce myocardial ischemic injury in 20 rats,ten of which were pretreated with diazoxide.Rhodamine123(Rh123)was used as fluorescent prober to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.The activities of mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were detected.The mitochondrial respiratory parameters were recorded with a Clark electrode.The effect of diazoxide on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration was investigated.Results Compared with the controls,the levels of state 3(ST3),respiratory control rate(RCR),mitochondrial membrane potential content and the activities of mitochondrial ATPase were decreased in the rats that received isoproterenol,while diazoxide pretreatment alleviated the changes of ST3,RCR,mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of mitochondrial ATPase.Conclusion Preconditioning with diazoxide enhances the activities of mitochondrial ATPase and protects the myocardial mitochondrial function after isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic injury.